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مبتکر بیرونی
Firms can invest into R&D to generate the possibility of intrinsically improving their own product lines (so-called internal innovation), as well as to creatively build upon the intrinsic quality of those goods that are transferred from other incumbent monopolists through a process of Schumpeterian creative destruction (so-called external innovation).
Therefore, the degree of returns to scale in the R&D technology operates solely through external innovations.
In other words, in a model without advertising, external innovation investment would in this case scale up one-for-one with added product lines: for any constant x > 0, a firm of size n that wishes to create an external R&D intensity
innovation scales weakly relative to internal innovation, and small firms optimally choose to use external innovations more intensively.
There is no exogenous exit, and firms move endogenously on the size distribution in a step-wise fashion via the external innovation margin.
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